More than 4.5 million people are bitten by dogs in the US each year, with one in five, or over 800,000 people, requiring medical attention, according to figures from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Half of all dog bite victims are children, who are far more likely to be severely injured. But the more concerning statistic is that most incidents involving young kids occur during everyday activities and while they are interacting with familiar canines.
The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) has warned pet owners that regardless of size, gender, or age, “any dog can bite,” but added that most of the time, such instances can be prevented.
“Even the cuddliest, fuzziest, sweetest pet can bite if provoked,” the organization explained in a dog bite prevention guide on its website. “Remember, it is not a dog’s breed that determines whether it will bite, but rather the dog’s individual history and behavior.”
There are several reasons why canines bite, according to AVMA, but often they do so as a reaction to something.
“If the dog finds itself in a stressful situation, it may bite to defend itself or its territory,” the association noted. “Dogs can bite because they are scared or have been startled. They can bite because they feel threatened. They can bite to protect something that is valuable to them, like their puppies, their food, or a toy.”
Some canines also become aggressive when they are sick or injured as they may want to be left alone. But even if they are feeling well or playful, there is still a risk that they may bite.
“Dogs also might nip and bite during play,” the association added. “Even though nipping during play might be fun for the dog, it can be dangerous for people. It’s a good idea to avoid wrestling or playing tug-of-war with your dog. These types of activities can make your dog overly excited, which may lead to a nip or a bite.”
These instances demonstrate the importance of having the right type of coverage for many of the country’s dog owners.
AVMA’s data shows that pet insurance companies paid a total of $881 million in liability claims related to dog bites and other canine-related injuries in 2021, with the average cost per claim amounting to about $49,025.
Among the insurers that have the highest dog-related injury claims payout in the past several years is State Farm, which has paid more than $1.1 billion between 2012 and 2021.
Meanwhile, the top 10 states that reported the greatest number of dog bite incidents last year in alphabetical order are Arizona, California, Florida, Illinois, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas.
Pet insurance, including that for dogs, typically provides three kinds of coverage, mostly health-related. These are:
However, experts advise canine owners to take out another form of protection, which covers injuries and damages their pets cause others. This type of policy is called pet liability insurance.
Most homeowners’ and renters’ insurance policies provide liability coverage up to a certain limit. This includes claims resulting from pet-related injuries and damages. Apart from dog bites, some plans cover property damage, including when a pet, for instance, chewed up another person’s couch or peed on someone else’s laptop.
Canine owners can also purchase a separate dog liability coverage, especially if their pets are among those considered “aggressive” breeds or if they feel that coverage in their home insurance policies is not enough.
In a recent blog, Pawlicy Advisor listed the top 10 dog breeds that may need coverage due to different behavioral and health factors.
To come up with the list, the pet insurance marketplace considered several parameters, including bite force data from industry information website Pet Comments, temperament scores – which measures how well-mannered a dog behaves in various settings – from the American Temperament Test Society (ATTS), and percentage of home insurers (among 42 providers) banning the breed from Forbes Advisor. These metrics reflect each breed’s risk level when it comes to attacking or biting others. Pawlicy Advisor also factored in the different illnesses the breeds are exposed to.
Here are the top 10 dog breeds that require dog insurance coverage, according to the pet insurance marketplace. The list is arranged in alphabetical order:
Bite force: 350 to 400 pounds per square inch (PSI)
Bite force ranking: 11th
Temperament score passing rate: 77.8%
Percentage of home insurers banning the breed: 79%
Common health issues: Sebaceous adenitis and hip dysplasia
Bite force: 235 PSI*
Bite force ranking: Not ranked
Temperament score passing rate: 84.8%
Percentage of home insurers banning the breed: 26%
Common health issues: Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus)
Bite force: 328 PSI**
Bite force ranking: Not ranked
Temperament score passing rate: 85.5%
Percentage of home insurers banning the breed: 100% (classified under pit bulls)
Common health issues: Elbow dysplasia, hypothyroidism, progressive retinal atrophy, and cerebellar ataxia
Bite force: 305 PSI**
Bite force ranking: Not ranked
Temperament score passing rate: 86.9%
Percentage of home insurers banning the breed: 19%
Common health issues: Illnesses related to the nose, eyes, teeth, and respiratory system
Bite force: 700 PSI
Bite force ranking: 3rd
Temperament score passing rate: 88.1%
Percentage of home insurers banning the breed: 19%
Common health issues: Epilepsy, gastric dilatation-volvulus, and eyelid abnormalities
Bite force: 220 PSI
Bite force ranking: 22nd
Temperament score passing rate: 71.7%
Percentage of home insurers banning the breed: 95%
Common health issues: Hypothyroidism, skin and ear infections, obesity, and depression
Bite force: 245 PSI
Bite force ranking: 16th
Temperament score passing rate: 79.5%
Percentage of home insurers banning the breed: 100%
Common health issues: Certain types of cancer, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), liver inflammation, wobbler syndrome, and bloat
Bite force: 238 PSI
Bite force ranking: 17th
Temperament score passing rate: 85.3%
Percentage of home insurers banning the breed: 45%
Common health issues: Issues in the hips and gastrointestinal tract
Bite force: 230 PSI
Bite force ranking: 20th
Temperament score passing rate: 92.2%
Percentage of home insurers banning the breed: None
Common health issues: Elbow and hip dysplasia, as well as knee-related issues and eye problems
Bite force: 328 PSI
Bite force ranking: 12th
Temperament score passing rate: 84.7%
Percentage of home insurers banning the breed: 100%
Common health issues: Heart disease, including aortic stenosis
* Data from Dog Breeds Expert
** Data from Hepper.com
Read more: 25 most dangerous dog breeds
While AVMA pointed out that dogs – regardless of breed, age, or gender – can bite others when provoked, there are several practical strategies that canine owners can do to prevent such instances from happening. These include: